Original Title: Finding Water and Drilling Wells for Poverty Alleviation in Southern Jiangxi: Case Analysis and Process Record (Part II) Part 1 Indoor comprehensive research and judgment, accurate well determination in the field Click to Read: Gannan Poverty Alleviation Water Search and Well Drilling: Case Analysis, Process Record (Part I) Part 2 Fast drilling verification and intelligent water pumping First, rapid drilling verification, chopsticks inserted tofu 2017.1.8, Sunny, Sunday At the foot of Yangshan Mountain, the national flag rises in the west of Xixia Village. At 16:58, the first well (xgzk1) in Xingguo County, Gannan Poverty Alleviation and Water Exploration of Shuihuan Center was drilled, with a designed hole depth of 120 m. Expand the full text At 18 o'clock, the footage was 7.5m, the loose layer was penetrated, the bedrock was entered, and the 325mm retaining pipe was lowered for 8m. In the morning, go to the construction site and make disclosure with the second drilling team. At 4:30 in the afternoon, the drilling rig was ready. At 17:00, the drilling was spudded. The bedrock was found at 7.5m, and the 8m long, 325mm steel retaining pipe was lowered. The drilling speed is so fast. Photo 23, 24 Open the first drill, and the machine is roaring. Implementation of hydrogeological drilling 1. Device configuration Drilling rig model: SL-800 A crawler power head drilling rig. Type of derrick: mast type. Power machine type: diesel engine. Other equipment: DWQ1200 XXH air compressor, submersible pump, ultrasonic flowmeter, 50 kw generator set, automatic recorder for pumping test, etc. 2. Drilling technology and drilling parameters (1) Drilling process Pneumatic Dth hammer is used to drill XGZK01 hole, Ф350mm Dth hammer bit + TH10 impactor + 114 drill pipe is used for opening, Ф305mm Dth hammer bit + TH8 impactor + 114 drill pipe is used after reducing, reducing depth is 7.50 m, and final hole depth is 120.00 m. (2) Drilling parameters Pneumatic Dth hammer is used for full drilling with positive circulation. The technical parameters are as follows: ① Air volume: 34m 3/min. ② Wind pressure: 3.3 MPa. ③ Weight on bit: 16-18k N. ④ Speed: 20 ~ 50r/min. 3. Coring One rock debris sample is taken every 4.5m in the whole hole, and 35 rock debris samples are taken in total. The cores taken shall be arranged in turn, filled in and labeled in time, and recorded by hydrogeologists in time. In the process of logging, in addition to the description according to the general hydrogeological requirements, the geologists have made a detailed study and description of the physical properties of the rock strata. In particular, the minerals in the rock formation are described in detail, such as the main mineral components and their contents, sand, clay, powder and organic matter contents. For sandy and gravelly soil, the contents of sand and gravel are distinguished, and the roundness of gravel is described; for clayey soil, the color, natural state, clay powder content and water content of the sample are described. In addition, the rock strata exposed by drilling are described and divided in detail to determine the lithology of aquifer, aquiclude and basement. 2017.1.9 The first drill likes to come out of the water. Look at my acupoint work. With the mission of poverty alleviation, the Ministry and the Bureau send warm care to the old liberated areas; sweat turns into spring water and moistens the red earth. After 8 hours of down-the-hole hammer drilling, the first drill in Xingguo County of Gannan Poverty Alleviation and Water Exploration of the Water Ring Center successfully produced water, with a rough water volume of 30m ³/H. This once again shows the technical strength of water exploration in the bedrock mountain area of Shuihuan Center, the synergistic advantages of multi-professional and multi-method integration in tackling key problems, and the "acupoint" magic of the iron triangle team in water exploration. The No.1 well is located in the determined Cretaceous glutenite water exploration target area. The drilling equipment entered the site on January 8, 2017 and spudded at 16:58 on the same day. Bedrock is found in the shallow loose layer at 7.5m, and a small amount of shallow water is found at 14.5m; quartz sandstone is initially found when drilling to 102.5m, and the fault is exposed, with a water yield of about 5m ³/H, above which are purple argillaceous siltstone, sandstone and mudstone; quartz sandstone is found when drilling to 129m, with a water yield of 8 m ³/H; When drilling to 133.5m, the granite formation is exposed, and the water volume increases to 10m ³/H; when drilling to 135m and 139m, the water volume increases to 30m ³/H, and the water yield is the highest in this area; when drilling to 155.5m, the final hole is completed. The stratum exposed by the borehole is basically consistent with the stratum predicted by the previous team, and a new breakthrough has been made in the understanding of the regional geological water-rich law, which provides a new direction for water exploration in similar areas in the future. The preliminary investigation shows that the water required for drinking water and tobacco field irrigation in Qixia Village is about 10m ³/H. However, the local stratum has poor water-rich conditions and complex structure. The township government and the masses have doubts about whether an ideal water source can be found in the local area. In addition, the local economic conditions are poor, and no deep water drilling has been carried out. The successful implementation of the borehole basically met the water demand of the local people, and also played a good demonstration role for the local search for follow-up water sources. Arriving at the construction site at nine o'clock, the drilling speed of the down-the-hole hammer was really fast. In the Cretaceous sandstone and mudstone formation, it took almost ten minutes to drill a 4.5m drill pipe at the beginning. To 50m, the red mudstone was blown up, 60m or 70m, red soil, 80m, red soil, 84.5m, still the same, we rushed back to the county for dinner, we were a little uneasy, although we did not say it. More than two o'clock, the phone told the water, everyone rushed to get on the car, on the way, everyone's words obviously increased. He got out of the car and met the drilling personnel. He said that there was estimated to be ten cubic meters of water. In front of the drilling rig, I asked the captain and learned that there was water at 102.5m. I checked the rock debris and found that it was a layer of crushed coarse sand. I judged that it was granite weathering crust or fault zone. With the increase of depth, the water volume was increasing. Li Gong proposed to deepen from 120m to 140m, and to 129m, the water volume suddenly increased, 20 cubic meters, 30 cubic meters. It continued to surprise people's hearts. We returned at six o'clock and told them to continue to deepen to 155m. Everyone rejoiced, went to the kitchen on the 7th, added food, served wine, and drank a little wine. All of a sudden, everyone's pressure was relieved and they had a good time. Tell the leaders of the center that they are as happy as we are. Tell the leaders of Xingguo County to visit you at the scene tomorrow afternoon. Photos 25, 26 and 27 show that the first borehole successfully produced water, which verified the geological and geophysical exploration results. 2017.1.10, sunny, windy The drilling rig is transferred to the new well location, and the wind spreads the red flag hunting sound. After xgzk1 hole in Xixia village, Xingguo county successfully produced water yesterday, the drilling rig was transferred to xgzk2 hole today and is now ready to start drilling tomorrow. The geological conditions of this hole are similar to those of the hole No.1 just completed, and it is also a secondary structure of the nearly north-south compresso-shear fault in front of the Yangshan Mountain, with a design hole depth of 120m. This afternoon, Wang, deputy head of Xingguo County, visited the comrades of the project team at the construction site. After the project team reported on its work and achievements, he praised the national team for achieving such rich results in such a short period of time. At the same time, he inquired in detail about the amount of groundwater, the development and utilization plan and the impact of exploitation on the environment. I also introduced the legend of Zhu Li. After listening to the introduction at the No.2 hole, he went to the No.1 hole for investigation. He instructed the cadres of Baocun Village in the township to consider the funds for drinking water projects and bring the benefits of wells into full play. At 17:15, the work summary meeting invited Zhu and Li to review and analyze the objectives and achievements of the previous work deployment, and also put forward suggestions for future work. According to the observation, the buried depth of water level of xgzk1 hole rises from 14.9 m at 8 o'clock to 13.7 m at 16 o'clock today. Simple Hydrological Observation of Hydrogeological Drilling In the process of drilling, the aquifer was found in time, and the hydrogeological problems such as water abundance of the aquifer were preliminarily determined. It mainly observes the groundwater level, water temperature, water gushing and leakage. In addition, detailed observation records shall be made for the drilling conditions (such as drill dropping, drill sticking, drill burying, hole wall collapse, sand gushing, gas escape, etc.) and the positions of layer change and hole change. Measure the water level after lifting the drill and before tripping in. During the drilling of XGZK01 hole, it was slightly wet at 12.00 m, a small amount of water was seen at 16.50 m, continuous water was seen at 25.50 m, no water leaked during drilling, water burst at 103.00 m, the water inflow was about 20.00 m ³/H, the water volume increased at 135.00 m, and the visual water volume was about 35.00 m ³/H. Photo 28 The commandos took a group photo. Photo 29 Water level observation of No.1 hole Photo 30 No.2 hole drilling machine in place 2017.1.11, Wednesday, light rain Xingguo, light rain. In the morning, the first group of members of the Gannan poverty alleviation and water search commando team withdrew from the base camp and set off. Rain, farewell? Retain? Rain is the accumulation of water vapor in the first well? Happy and grateful for the liberation to see the light of day and serve the world? Wake up at six o'clock and revise the special report. Before seven o'clock, they went downstairs to see Li, Zhu, and Xiao Wang off to Nanchang and then returned to the insurance high-speed railway. At 7:20, the two drivers, Li and Yang, followed by Geophysical Prospecting Company and Yang, returned to the insurance. After getting on the bus with breakfast, he and Liu went to the Ningdu Mining Administration Bureau to communicate about the problems in the land quality investigation area of another project, and rushed back to Xingguo at 12:20. The No.2 hole was drilled at 8 o'clock,down the hole bit, with a footage of 50m at noon and a water yield of 3m ³/H at 2 o'clock. After half an hour, the water yield suddenly increased to 50-70 m ³/H. I will no longer change the special report, and I will write it together after determining the approximate water output of No.2 hole. When I arrived at the construction site at 3 o'clock, I saw that the smoke field covered with film was soaked in water, and it was a vast ocean. The captain estimated that the current water volume was 100m ³/H. Because of the large amount of water, the drilling speed is affected. By 3:30, the footage is 97m, and the estimated water volume is conservatively 70-80m ³/H. Far more than we expected. Report to local leaders and central leaders by phone or SMS. The water volume is too large. The pipe of 219 mm originally planned is a little thin and needs to be increased to 245 mm. The pump of 50 square meters is also small and needs to be replaced with a large pump. The captain was happy, General Manager Liao was surprised, and Manager Hu smiled. In the evening, Xingguo TV broadcasted the news that the county magistrate Wang went to the construction site. Extra: "Yin River" found, found!!! Hole xgzk2 in Xingguo county was drilled at 8 o'clock today. At present (note: 15:30), the drilling depth is 97m, and the water output during the drilling process of the down-the-hole hammer is estimated to be 70-80m3/H, which is twice that of hole 1? Twice..! It is 20 times of the maximum water yield (102m 3/d per day) of the known boreholes in the Cretaceous strata of the Xingguo Red Bed Basin! It's so big that it affects the drilling speed! During the period of field investigation and geophysical prospecting, an old man told us that there was a Yin River flowing through Yangshan in the west of Xixia Village. Today, we have found, we have found, that the Yin River is this water-rich tectonic zone, this is no longer a legend! The Iron Triangle Team of Water Search in Bedrock Mountain Area casts a new legend in the poverty alleviation and water search in southern Jiangxi! Have a long tassel in hand, today again bound black dragon! Technical Summary of No.2 Hole Gannan Poverty Alleviation and Water Exploration Project reported another success. During the construction of XGZK2 borehole, the water yield was roughly measured to be more than 80m ³/H. Combined with XGZK1 borehole, the local villagers' traditional understanding of "no available water source in Qixia Village" was completely overturned, which provided a strong guarantee for local economic development and industrial planning. GZK2 borehole encountered water at 80.5m, the lithology is Cretaceous gravel layer, the water volume at 84-85m increases sharply to 80m ³/H, the lithology is granite, sharp and poorly sorted quartz debris can be seen in the rock debris, and there is drill dropping in this section during drilling. It is concluded that 84-88 m is the structural fracture zone, which is the groundwater catchment corridor and the main runoff channel, and can be called the "Yin River" of the local villagers' legend. According to the interpretation results of remote sensing and geophysical exploration in the early stage, the logging information of the cuttings taken is analyzed, the 107 m variable diameter of the borehole is designed, and the final hole is expected to be 134 m, and the following two understandings are obtained: 1. Secondary structural fracture zone and its intersection zone of the main controlling structure in the north-south direction It is the main occurrence area of vein groundwater. 2. Contrast Borehole XGZK1 shows that the water production horizon moves upward and the water volume is more abundant, which reveals that the well location is close to the water-blocking structure under the new house and is located in the mesh area where the secondary structure intersects with the main control structure, which is a typical type of water storage structure on the edge of the mountain basin. Photo 31-32: Flooded tobacco fields 2017.1.12, Thursday, light rain Two demonstration wells have been drilled by down-the-hole hammer drill, and the second drilling team is awesome! Today, we detect the well, observe the water level and prepare for the pumping test. In the morning, the special report on the results of poverty alleviation and water search was revised and issued. Then he went to the construction site, and when he got there, he had drilled 120m and reached the quartzite vein. Li suggested to drill another 10m in order to find out the situation of the vein. He proposed to drill three drill pipes, 13.5m. I arrived at the construction site again before two o'clock in the afternoon, and I had finished three in an hour, with a total of 133.5m. In the rain, the drilling rig is shut down, and the pipe is pulled out for fear of slipping,dhd drill bit, which is unsafe. The pipe is pulled out after the rain stops. During the drilling of XGZK02 hole, the rock at the hole depth of 79 m was relatively wet, and water gushing was found at 80.50 m. The water gushing continued after the rod was added, with a water inflow of about 80 m ³/H, and water leakage was found at 120 m. At the same time of abundant water in No.2 hole, the water level of No.1 hole continued to drop by more than 30 meters, and the water level at 14 o'clock was 40.58 m deep in No.1 hole and 69 m deep in No.2 hole (7:20 in the morning, 21.14 m), which indicated that the two were related, or directly related, or the recharge area was one. When selecting water pumps, it is necessary to conservatively select a small pump capacity to avoid excessive exploitation, after all, the area of the recharge area is small. The 245 mm well pipe was originally planned to be purchased. On the one hand, because it is a non-national standard pipe, the supply cycle is long. On the other hand, in view of the large water level drop, the pipe diameter is returned to 219 mm, which can ensure that the pump with a diameter of more than 50 m ³/H can not be lowered due to the large diameter of the pump head, so as to limit the exploitation. Logging will be started for No.1 hole this morning, and No.2 hole will be logged tomorrow after completion. The pumping test of No.1 hole will start tomorrow, and we need to wait for the water level to basically return to the initial level. The pump capacity of No.1 hole is 50m ³/H, and that of No.2 hole is 80m ³/H. After well completion, the pump capacity of No.1 hole is 20m ³/H, and that of No.2 hole is 50m ³/H. Photo 33 Rain Logging Photo 34 Water Level Observation 2. Intelligent pumping test to pull out rare lithium mineral springs 2017.1.13, Friday, light rain, 5-8 degrees Prepare for pumping test In the cold rain in winter, in the muddy water with sticky shoes, under the cloudy twilight, prepare for the pumping test. After getting out of the water and cheering, complete the follow-up work according to the specifications. Follow the headlights and go back. Thank you, thank you, the rain did not fall during the field investigation and geophysical prospecting work, otherwise the construction period would be longer. I miss the sunshine at that time, although the temperature reached 24 degrees at noon for four or five consecutive days, which blackened our skin. Pray for a sunny day, even if the high temperature comes again, as long as the mud is dried; pray for no rain, even if it is cloudy, windy and cold, as long as it is convenient to work, complete the task as soon as possible, go home for the New Year as soon as possible, and give it to the people to use as early as possible. When I went to the construction site in the morning, the second team was carrying a small drilling rig. At 5 p.m., the pumping equipment was ready. After arriving at the site, it was found that the height of the outlet made of drill pipe above the ground was too small to bind the ultrasonic flowmeter. The pumping test cannot be started tonight due to the repair of the motor failure. Geophysical Logging Integrated geophysical logging mainly includes tests of 3 laterolog resistivity (or apparent resistivity), natural potential, artificial gamma, natural gamma, acoustic velocity, well fluid resistivity, well temperature, hole diameter and hole deviation. According to integrated geophysical logging interpretation, XGZK01 hole mainly has three aquifers: 103.00-103.65 m, 104.65-105.00 m and 141.25-143.25 m, all of which are tectonic fissure water. According to comprehensive geophysical logging interpretation, XGZK02 hole mainly has two aquifers: 82.55-83.35m and 104.05-104.35m, both of which are tectonic fissure water. Pumping test 1. Pumping equipment 150Q150-60/12 submersible pump, FLUXUS F601 ultrasonic flowmeter, triangle weir box, water level meter, etc. 2. Test method The single-hole steady flow method is used for the test, and the test is carried out according to 2-3 drop paths from large to small. 2017.1.15, Sunday, December 18, cloudy day Pumping starts at thirteen o'clock, the water volume fluctuates between 27-31 m ³/H, and the water temperature is 25 degrees. After forty minutes, the amount of water decreased significantly and the water level rose. Smoke was seen coming out of the wellhead, and the generator was shut down immediately. It is judged that the cable is overloaded and burnt. Comprehensive analysis shows that the cable is a little thin and needs to be replaced. Communicate with the person in the equipment department and send a large cable. In this way, it is a big project to raise the water pump under 100m. Time, time.. 2017.1.16, Monday I contacted the second team at seven o'clock in the morning. I didn't finish it last night. It's estimated that it will take an hour to get off the pump today. We had dinner at half past seven, and then we went there together. When we got there, we saw that the pump was still running, one drill pipe after another. At half past three in the afternoon, there were still some problems after the generator was turned on. Considering the time problem, I decided to rent the generator. We rushed back to the county town for dinner and returned to the construction site after dinner. The rented generator arrived at the construction site and was tested. The water output was 45m ³/H. At 10 o'clock, the water was pumped at 32m ³/H. The water level could not be measured. There was no problem with the water gauge. It was suspected that the probe was stuck in the middle when it was lowered. As the self-gauging water level gauge was placed at the position of 80m, it was feared that the drawdown would exceed the depth, so the water yield was adjusted to 25m ³/H, and returned after basically stabilizing at 72m at 11:00, and arrived at the base at 11:30. A tense, hurried day. 2017.1.17, Monday, light rain, 8-12 Go to eat at half past seven, and then go to the construction site. Water samples of drinking water, mineral water and sanitary indicators are taken and sent to Nanchang regularly. Subsequently, Wang and Gong returned to their residence to put the annual implementation plan into the Ministry of Land and Resources. The reconciliation workers continued to observe the pumping situation. At 11:40, the frequency conversion is started, gradually changing from 46 to 41.5 Hz, and the water yield is basically stable at about 15m ³/H. The technicians and leaders of Gannan Geological Brigade went to the construction site to inspect the down-the-hole hammer drilling technology. Technical summary: Dth hammer drilling, over 100 meters in a day After nine days of rapid determination of five alternative well locations, the pneumatic down-the-hole hammer positive circulation drilling technology was used, and the cumulative drilling time was 28 hours, and two boreholes with a diameter of 305 mm and a depth of 155.5 m and 133.5 m were completed. Down-the-hole hammer drilling technology is powerful, the second team of brothers are capable and able to bear hardships, cattle! Hole 1: 155.5m, dth drilling hammer ,overburden drilling systems, 0-7.5m loose layer, 7.5-129m Cretaceous argillaceous sandstone, 129-155.5m tectonic zone and granite. The drilling was spudded at 16:58 on January 8, stopped after the bedrock was seen, and the 8m retaining pipe was run in and finished at 18:00; the drilling was started at 8:00 on January 9 and completed at 18:30; the drilling time was 11.5 hours. Hole 2: 135.5m, 0-4m loose layer, 4-84m Cretaceous glutenite, 84-135.5m tectonic zone and granite. On January 10, the drilling rig was transferred to No.2 hole; on January 11, the drilling was spudded at 8 o'clock with 107 m diameter change and finished at 18:30; on January 12, the drilling was spudded at 8 o'clock and completed at 14 o'clock; the drilling time was 16.5 hours. Crawler drill with full hydraulic power head is selected for this drilling; the diameter of Dth hammer bit is 305 mm, and it is equipped with medium and high pressure impactor, and the diameter of drill pipe is 114 mm; the air compressor has an air volume of 35 m ³/min, and the air pressure is 3.1 MPa. The choice of Dth hammer drilling is based on three considerations. First, the purpose of drilling is mainly for poverty alleviation and water supply, which needs to be put into use before the seasonal spring drought, and the time is tight. Secondly, the stratum lithology of the working area is Cretaceous argillaceous sandstone and Caledonian granite, which is relatively simple. Thirdly, the lithology and water intake section can be divided by the combination of cuttings fishing logging and logging. Pneumatic Dth hammer positive circulation drilling is a traditional process method of Dth hammer. The working process is as follows: compressed air is transmitted to the down-hole hammer through the inner hole of the drill pipe to drive the down-hole hammer to do work; the discharged waste gas is discharged through the exhaust hole of the drill bit, washes the hole bottom, cools the drill bit, and carries rock debris to return to the surface along the annular gap between the hole wall and the drill pipe. It is suitable for hard bedrock formation, Quaternary cemented and semi-cemented formation, and gravel formation, especially for areas with water shortage or water supply difficulties, and is often used for non-coring drilling. Its advantages are high drilling efficiency, low cost, no pollution to water-bearing layer, easy flushing and high water output. Photo 35, 36 Dth Hammer Drilling Photo 37 People digging earth wells at the mouth of the ditch Photo 38 Banana 2017.1.17 Time is easy to throw people, red plantain, green plantain. 2017.1.18 Start pumping of No.1 hole in the morning. In the evening, the problem of making the steel bar triangle, which acts as a centralizer for the lower tube, was solved, and General Manager Liao came to do it himself. The pumping equipment has been assembled at No.2 hole, and the drilling tower to be lifted will be erected tomorrow. Time, time! Pumping test start intelligent mode The frequency conversion cabinet regulates and controls the drawdown of three falling distances, and the equipment automatically records and monitors the water level and quantity. In the specification of 1:50000 hydrogeological survey, the steady flow pumping test "should be carried out three times of water level drawdown, the maximum drawdown value should be determined according to the hydrogeological conditions and the capacity of pumping equipment, and the other two drawdown values should be 1/3 and 2/3 of the maximum drawdown value respectively". The so-called hydrogeological conditions are similar to the groundwater type, water-bearing rock group and the estimated water yield of trial pumping, for example, "when three drop pumping tests are carried out, the maximum drawdown phreatic water should be equal to 1/3-1/2 H (H is the height of the water column from the bottom of the aquifer).". For incomplete wells, the water column height is calculated from the bottom of the hole); for confined water, it should be as far as possible to the top of the aquifer " (Hydrogeology Manual (Second Edition), p. 450), which is the basis for selecting the appropriate pump type. The capacity of pumping equipment should match the estimated water output, instead of using existing pumps to pump water regardless of the water output, regardless of the size of the pump, resulting in too small drawdown, or even converting the maximum drawdown of 1 meter into the unified drawdown of 10 meters, resulting in data distortion and misleading results; For particularly water-rich areas, the pump type close to the estimated water yield should also be selected as far as possible. The adjustment of the tertiary drawdown value is based on the control of the water yield. At present, there are three methods. The first is to install a "tee" at the water outlet of the wellhead to adjust the water yield and control the dynamic water level. The second is to replace the pump with different water yield to pump water, so that the pumping time is prolonged, especially in the case of a deeper hole; Thirdly, the frequency conversion cabinet is used to adjust the frequency of the current to control the water output of the water pump, which can conveniently realize three water level drawdown pumping. During the preparation of the pumping test, considering the estimated water yield of 30m ³/H for No.1 hole and 70-80m ³/H for No.2 hole during Dth hammer drilling, pumps with water yield of 50m ³/H and 60m head and pumps with water yield of 80m ³/H and 100m head were prepared respectively, and the frequency conversion cabinet was used for three drawdown pumping tests. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measured data and parameter calculation of the pumping test, the water level at the outlet of the weir box is measured manually to determine the water yield, and an ultrasonic flowmeter is bound on the outlet pipe for automatic measurement, real-time display and data storage; and a wireless self-gauging water level meter is placed for observation and data storage while the water level is measured manually at a specified time interval. The pumping visualization monitoring technology and equipment developed by the Water Ring Center have realized the automation and visualization of water level and water temperature monitoring during the pumping test, facilitated the real-time monitoring and control of the pumping test, reduced the labor intensity of the previous pumping monitoring equipment which needs to be attended, avoided the error of manual operation, and improved the observation accuracy; The equipment includes a wired self-gauging water level gauge, a computer and a water level and temperature real-time display software, and the data sampling time interval can be set freely; the waterproof performance of the underwater cable connector reaches 4Mpa, and the underwater cable connector can work normally under 400m water. The system has been successfully developed in the hydrogeological survey project of Heihe River Basin in Gansu Province, and has been applied in the stratified pumping test, which has achieved the effects of ensuring quality, improving work efficiency and optimizing working environment. Photo 39-43, Ultrasonic Flow Meter, Water Gauge, Weir Box for Pumping Test Photo 44 Generator, frequency conversion cabinet Photo 45 Dynamic curve of pumping water level (Heihe River) Photo 46 Pumping water, burning the midnight oil 2017.1.19, December 22, Thursday, Xingguo, overcast, light rain, 7-10 °, wind force 2. More than half of No.1 hole is under the pipe, and No.2 hole starts pumping test. In order to ensure the service life of the water supply well and serve the water supply needs of the people in the old area for a long time, after the pumping test of No.1 hole, the well pipe will be put down today. At the same time, the pumping test of No.2 hole was prepared. After a day's efforts, the pumping test was finally started at 19:45. Victory is in sight.. I hope everything goes well! In the morning, I heard from Manager Hu that refueling in the morning could complete the construction of the drilling tower. After dinner, the reconciliation workers went to the construction site. First, I went to No.1 hole to see the progress of the pipe, then to No.2 hole to see the construction of the drilling tower, only to see blue arm-thick iron pipes scattered on the slope beside the borehole. It is planned to use a crane to install it. In the morning, I found three cranes, but they all said that they could not get in because of the muddy rain. When I found the fourth one, I agreed to come here. It is suggested that the drilling rig should suspend the pipe running in hole 1 and run the pump in hole 2 first. At half past three, we set out for the scene and saw that the drilling rig was still running down the pipe. Manager Hu was preparing the generator and assembling the water pump while waiting for the drilling rig to come. Around 4:30, the drilling rig was transferred. The pump began to run, and by seven o'clock, the pump was in place. Then he began to adjust the weir box, and Gong, Wang and Fu, who went back to see the house, rushed back to install the ultrasonic flowmeter and measure the water level. The pump depth is 96.5m, the water inlet position is 95.5m, and the water level gauge position is 89.5m. At 7:45, the pumping officially begins. The current frequency of the frequency conversion cabinet was adjusted to 47Hz, and the maximum water output was 120m ³/H at the beginning, and then it dropped. At 8:30, it was roughly stable at 96m ³/H, so we went back to the county for dinner. Turning to the main road of the county town, the traffic police stopped our car and checked drunk driving. We joked that we hadn't had dinner yet. We will discuss the matter of going home during the meal, and we will see the pumping test tomorrow morning. Return to the station after eating at 9:30; eat at 7:00 tomorrow morning, collect water samples, and send them to Nanchang. On the way back, Wang Cha said that the high-speed railway from Nanchang to Baoding on the 24th was still available. Is it decided first. Considering the normal progress, it should be OK. After arriving at the station, it was found that there was a ticket from Jinggangshan Airport in Ji'an to the Capital Airport on the 24th, which took off at 12 o'clock and arrived before 3 o'clock. The fare was lower than the high-speed railway, so reconciliation and Wang tentatively booked the flight. The other four are back in two cars on Sunday morning. At 10:45, the water volume and water level of the pumping test continued to drop, the water level dropped to 82 m, and the water volume dropped to 60 m ³/H. Gong suggested using a frequency conversion cabinet to reduce the amount of water, and the result of our discussion was to wait another half an hour to see the changes. Time in the difficult driving, 10 minutes to measure a data, 11:20, the water level is roughly stable, continue to pump. At twelve o'clock, the amount of water dropped and the water suddenly became turbid. Discuss the countermeasures together: one is to stop pumping, worrying about the collapse of the well wall; the other is to reduce the water yield. It is judged that the turbid water is due to the falling off of the Cretaceous red bed after the water level drops and the pressure of the well wall loses balance, which will not collapse the hole, and at most it will be difficult to pull out the pump. So, continue to maintain the status quo, continue to smoke! I didn't go to bed until half past one, praying that nothing would happen and everything would go well! Photo 47 Borehole Overlook Photo 48 a tree at the foot of a mountain Photo 49-50 No.1 Hole Downhole Pipe Photo 51-53 No.2 Hole Lowering Pump and Pumping Test 2017.1.20, Friday, the 23rd day of the 12th month of the lunar calendar, sunny, overcast and rainy for ten days, sunny. Good news. Lithium mineral water. Found it. At 11:10, good news came from the WeChat group of the project. The test results of mineral water in No.1 hole came out. The strontium content was 0.205 mg/l and the lithium content was 1.578 mg/L. The national standard of strontium in mineral water was 0.2-0.4mg/L. The water temperature was 25 degrees, and the lithium content was 0.2mg/L. The metasilicic acid content was 24.68 mg/L, and the national standard was 25 mg/l. The No.1 hole was finished and returned to the station at 4:30. The laboratory called to inform that the drinking water analysis results met the national standards and could be determined to be rare lithium mineral water. Today is the 23rd day of the 12th month of the lunar year, which is a small year in the north. (Note: I didn't know until the next day that it was the 24th day in the south.) The county magistrate Wang from the north invited the project team members to get together in the evening to celebrate the small year for us, and he felt very warm. At the same time, he thanked us for our breakthrough in finding water. At the climax of the dinner, we thanked the local government for its support. Now we added a dish to the small gathering, sent a gift for the Spring Festival, and told everyone the news of the discovery of lithium mineral water. There was jubilation during the dinner. Back at the hotel, he reported the good news about lithium mineral water to the head of the center, who said it was a major breakthrough and asked us to reconfirm the results. Get up at half past six and gather downstairs at seven. Gong said that he had just asked the staff on duty that the water level was basically stable and the water volume was still decreasing. On the way to the construction site, news came that the water volume had dropped to 34m ³/H, and bubbles began to appear. At the construction site, the personnel were divided into two teams. The first team measured the water level, which was still at 83m, while the flowmeter had read 0. The other team checked the water quality of the weir box. It looked a little muddy, but it was not serious. They fished out the sand at the bottom of the weir box with a shovel. There was no muddy sediment. Only a small amount of crushed granite particles were fished out. The well wall should not be damaged. At the same time, they discussed, or they used a drill to try to lift the pump to see if it was silted, and then they adjusted the pump capacity to be small, or they adjusted the pump capacity to be large to see the. First, increase the pump capacity, and the outlet pipe will soon have more bubbles, and finally the flow will be cut off; then, decrease the pump capacity, and gradually the full pipe will be ejected, the flowmeter will return to normal, and the water level will remain unchanged. It gradually stabilizes at 20m ³/H, and the water level gradually rises. Successful rescue! It may be that the flowmeter cannot work when the pipe is not full and there are bubbles; the water level gauge may fall down from the wall of the well at about 83m, causing the water level gauge to ring at this point; the bubbles in the outlet pipe increased and the flow was cut off just now, indicating that the actual water level has dropped to near or below the water inlet of the pump. When I went to the construction site at 2:30 in the afternoon, the water volume rose to 25m ³/H. After discussion, we decided to start the frequency conversion at 12:36 in the evening and draw the third drop. Piping of No.1 hole is completed. A change from cloudy to sunny Since entering Jiangxi, after ten days of sunshine and strong ultraviolet disinfection and blackening when the well location was determined in the early stage, from the hydrogeological drilling construction to yesterday, we have experienced the wet and cold rain outside in the southern winter for ten days, and the anxious mud after the carnival of double-well in the interior. Today, the sun finally came out again! Suddenly I feel the sunshine is brighter and warmer than before! Just in time to dry clothes in the shade, just in time to dry the wet mood of the past few days and yesterday. 2017.1.21 Gannan Poverty Alleviation and Water Search: Continue The gravel filling of No.1 hole is completed. Because of the continuous rain in the early stage, the car did not dare to get off the road, fearing that it would be trapped in the mud, so it could only rely on the old watch to carry gravel to the well location. The third drop pumping test of No.2 hole has been completed, and the water sample has been sent to the laboratory; the water level is being observed again; the pump will be lifted down the well pipe tomorrow. Tomorrow, the second group of members of the commando team will withdraw to the base camp with the vehicle, and the remaining members will continue to hold on until the No.2 hole is filled with gravel and sealed. The cars on the street are crowded, the pedestrians are thick, and the reason why all the migrant workers who have been away from home for a year come back. At dinner, what we saw in the restaurant we often went to was sparsely populated, almost our special show. Ask the waiter, only to know that the custom here is to celebrate the small New Year on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, and people have dinner at home. In the morning, the conciliator instructed them to fill gravel in No.1 hole at the construction site; at the same time, he prepared to lower the pipe in No.2 hole, and Li Si prepared to make a reducer with gas welding in hand, 273 to connect 219 well pipes. The floormen began to prepare the welded well pipe in pairs for the quick running of the pipe tomorrow, and the preparation work was very orderly and efficient. It is difficult to find clay here, so it is decided to seal the well section above 10 m of No.1 hole with cement and clay. In the afternoon, the leader of the center called to tell us that we had reported the matter of lithium mineral water to the leader of the Bureau, and the leader praised us. He also told us to make the results authoritative and verify them again. At the same time, it has also been reported to Deputy Director Wang Yan, who accompanied Vice Minister Ling in the investigation in southern Jiangxi. Director Wang will inform the leaders of the Ministry and the province at the forum tomorrow. It is planned to take mineral water samples and send them to more authoritative institutions for re-testing, and contact the person in charge of the laboratory. In order to do the work carefully, after discussion, it was decided to fill the No.2 hole with gravel to the top of the water outlet section, and after the festival, the clay ball made by our unit was used to stop the water. In this way, the work can be done carefully, and the work pressure before the year can be reduced. Photo 54-57 Hole 1 Cap and Gravel Fill Photo 58 Pumping test of No.2 hole 2017.1.22 Sunny, 3-14 degrees We had dinner at seven o'clock in the morning. Today, Gong, Fu, Chang Si and Li Si drove back to the base camp. We and they were all happy and excited. After the meal, I went to the construction site to do two things, one is to take water samples from the mountain spring under the Longhua Temple in Yangshan for analysis of drinking water and mineral water, and the other is to load and transport the test equipment from the construction site back. The well pipe of No.2 hole is basically welded in advance, that is, the original two 4m pipes are welded together, so that the speed will be doubled when the pipe is lowered. At 11 o'clock, the crane came. Fortunately, the crane boom was long enough to lift four pipes 12 m at a time when the pump was started. At 2 o'clock, the pump was finished and the speed exceeded expectations. After a little preparation, the pipe was lowered at 2:30. After the pipe was lowered, there was a difference between the reducing depth of 107m and 104m. After that, the total number of pipes was calculated and the well pipe above the orifice was measured and verified. The crane lifted the whole well pipe to a certain height, and then fell freely to see if there was a feeling of bouncing after the well pipe fell. Carry out gravel filling at 104-84 m, completed at 4:30; then go to hole 1, and carry out water stop for the upper ten meters, cement and sand 2:1, sodium clay powder and cement and sand 3:97. Mix the three into a batter and pour down. Finish at six twenty. When the solid pipe is welded, it should be welded according to the sequence number when leaving the factory, that is, the rotating seam on the coiled pipe should be connected up and down. When lowering the pipe, weld the steel plate across the weld vertically at the joint of two pipes, about 4 cm wide and 10 cm long. The vertical curved bridge centralizer shall be welded with steel bars above and below the filter pipe to avoid the deviation of the well pipe center and the uneven width of the annular gap around the pipe, which will affect the gravel delivery. At the wellhead, a steel bar with a length that can support the well pipe in the middle should also be used between the wall protection pipe and the well pipe, which is also convenient for gravel filling. In the process of gravel filling, in order to check whether there is dislocation between the well pipe base and the 104m variable diameter borehole, which may cause the leakage of interstitial gravel, a measuring rope with a heavy object is placed in the well to measure the depth before gravel filling and compare it with the depth after a certain thickness of gravel filling; At the same time, the measuring rope is used to measure the depth of the gravel filling layer in the annular gap to find out whether it is stuck and has a false height. In this process, a hammer is used to knock the wall of the well, and the stuck gravel is vibrated to fall smoothly to the bottom. With the knocking sound, there is a clattering sound of gravel falling. Listening to this sound, which indicates that the work is about to end, is like the most exciting music. The thickness is 20 m, the outer diameter of the well pipe is 219 mm, the outer diameter of the wall protection pipe is 325 mm, and the inner diameter is 310 mm. Calculate its volume, then calculate the volume of the bucket, and calculate the amount of 32 buckets, so as to have a good idea of gravel throwing. Cheng Jing Borehole XGZK01 was drilled to a depth of 155.00 m, with two 4.00 m-long φ219 mm sediment pipes at 155.00m-147.00 m and eight 4.50 m-long φ219 mm filter pipes at 147.00m-111.00 m. 111.00 m-Orifice is 28 solid pipes φ219 mm 4.00 m long. Borehole XGZK02 was drilled to a depth of 104.00 m, with one 0.70 m long φ219 mm to φ245 solid pipe (104.00 m-103.30 m) and five 4.50 m long φ219 mm filter pipes (103.30 m-80.80 m). 80.80m-Orifice is 20 pieces of 4.00 m long φ219 mm solid pipe and one piece of 0.80 m long solid pipe. 2017.1.23, December 26 For me, a special day, 29 years, thank you. 2017.1.24 Gannan Poverty Alleviation and Water Search: The First Stage, Perfect Finish According to Xing News Agency, the last group of members of the Gannan Poverty Alleviation and Water Search Commando Team of the Water Ring Center will bid farewell to Xingguo County, which has been struggling for a month, and will return to the base camp. Over the past month, the commando team has experienced the test of two days of ice and fire, fixed wells, drilled wells, pumped water, completed two demonstration wells for water supply, with astonishing water volume and gratifying water quality, far exceeding the expected target, and finished work perfectly. After 2020, the poverty alleviation work will continue to rely on the project in an orderly manner, looking forward to more heavy achievements and news, especially from the official release. Green is the precious wealth of rejuvenating the country, and green development is the fundamental guarantee for the sustainable development of rejuvenating the country. Goodbye, Xingguo! We also went home for the Spring Festival. I would like to thank my colleagues and friends for their continued concern, concern and support for the commando operation. From Jinggangshan Airport, Ji'an Basic information of the two completed boreholes: XGZK01 hole: pumping test, two falls, single well water inflow of 432m ³/d. Borehole type: water supply safety demonstration well Drilling diameter: 350 mm Actual well depth: 156m Diameter of well pipe: 219 mm Water stop position: 0-10 m Water stop material: cement slurry Buried depth of static water level: 15.46m Actual water yield: 432m ³/d XGZK02 hole: pumping test, three falls, water inflow of single well 576 m ³/d. Drilling type water supply safety demonstration well Drilling diameter: 219 mm Actual well depth: 133.5m Diameter of well pipe: 219 mm Water stop position: 0-10 m Water stop material: cement slurry Buried depth of static water level: 23.35 m Actual water yield: 576 m ³/d Photo 59-61 Jinggangshan Airport, home from here for the Spring Festival Postscript After the Spring Festival, the results of another authoritative testing institution confirmed once again that the groundwater quality indicators of XGZK01 in Xixia Village of Xingguo County met the standards set by the national lithium mineral water standard. Its future development and utilization, first of all, the evaluation of its resources, still need to be carried out in accordance with the mineral water exploration norms. The lithium ion content of groundwater in XGZK02 hole also reached the standard of mineral water, but the content of individual ions exceeded the standard. In June 2017, the XGZK04 hole was drilled at the location of Line VI before the Spring Festival, with a depth of 121.5m, a drilling diameter of 305 mm, a well pipe diameter of 219 mm, a buried depth of static water level of 11.91 m, a water stop position of 0-65.42 m, and an actual water yield of 2125 m ³/d. Water supply projects, including water storage tanks, purification equipment, water supply equipment,dth button bits, installation and laying of main water pipelines, have been completed and handed over to local governments for use in the near future. Popular science articles are compiled into the book "Protecting the Earth, Wonderful Geology" Excellent Popular Science Works. Water Environment Center of China Geological Survey Zhang Fucun's Geological WeChat Selection (Click on the link to read) Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:. wt-dthtools.com